胡适留学日记卷十五二四、威尔逊在参议院之演说词

卷十五二四、威尔逊在参议院之演说词

　　（一月二十二日）

　　威尔逊在参议院的演说，提议一个“无胜利的和平”（a peace without Victory），主张只有平等的国家可以有永久的和平。他又主张各国联合为一个维持和平的大同盟。他说这不过是一种门罗主义的扩充而已。文中陈义甚高，民族自决，海洋自由，海军裁缩，皆有发挥。全文甚长，抄其结语如下：

　　I am proposing, as it were, that the nations should with one accord adopt the doctrine of President Monroe as the doctrine of the world: That no nation should seek to extend its policy over any other nation or people, but that every people should be left free to determine its own policy, it's own way of development, unhindered, unthreatened, unafraid, the little along with the great and powerful.

　　I am proposing that all nations henceforth avoid entangling alliances which would draw them into competition of power. Catch them in a net of intrigue and selfish rivalry, and disturb their own affairs with influences intruded from without. There is no entangling alliance in a concert of power. When all unite to act in the same sense and with the same purpose, all act in the common interest and are free to live their own lives under a common protection.

　　I am proposing government by the consent of the governed; that freedom of the seas which in international conference after conference representatives of the United States have urged with the eloquence of those who are the convinced disciples of liberty; and that moderation of armaments which makes of armies and navies a power for order merely, not an instrument of aggression or of selfish violence.

　　These are American principles, American policies. We can stand for no others. And they are also the principles and policies of forward-looking men and women everywhere, of every modern nation, of every enlightened Community. They are the principles of mankind and must prevail.

　　〔中译〕

　　我在过去和现在都主张世界各国应将门罗总统的学说奉为全世界的学说：任何国家都不应将自己的政策强加于别国或其人民头上，而应让人们自由地决定各自的政策，各自的发展道路。不论大小强弱，任何国家都应不受阻碍，不受威胁，无所顾虑地处理自己的事务。

　　我主张各国都应避免卷入将导致武力竞赛的联盟。这样的联盟只会使他们陷入由各种阴谋和自私自利的仇恨织成的网不能自拔，只会无中生有地扰乱他们自己的事务。任何相互纠缠的联盟都不可能达到武力的协同一致：不可能以同一认识，同一目的去共同行动；不可能在一个共同的保护之下过各自的生活。

　　我主张任何统治均须得到被统治者的同意；我主张海洋自由，这是美国代表在国际会议上以雄辩的理由极力主张的，因为美国人是自由精神的信徒；我主张限制军备，从而使各种军队、海军仅为维护秩序的力量，而不是成为侵略或泄私愤的工具。

　　这些是美国的原则和政策，我们不能容忍任何其它的原则和政策。这些也是所有富有远见卓识的男人和女人，每一个先进国家和开明政体所应有的原则和政策，也是全人类的原则和政策，它们必将在全世界生根开花。

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